C++ Primer, Edisi Kelima: Dasar-Dasar Tipe Aritmetika C++

C++ mendefinisikan sekelompok tipe aritmetika primitif yang dipetakan langsung ke penyimpanan perangkat keras. Bayangkan memori sebagai urutan bernomor alamat. Setiap byte (8 bit) adalah satuan terkecil yang dapat diakses, sedangkan sebuah kata (biasanya 32/64 bit) adalah ukuran pemrosesan alami.

1. Tipe Integral

Meliputi boolean (bool), karakter (termasuk Unicode char16_t, char32_t), dan bilangan bulat. Bilangan bulat dapat berupa bertanda (merepresentasikan negatif, nol, dan positif) atau tidak bertanda (nilai ≥ 0).

2. Representasi Memori

Ketika sebuah int mengisi satu kata, maka menjangkau beberapa alamat byte. Sebagai contoh, sebuah objek yang dimulai dari alamat 736424 mengisi 4 byte memori berturut-turut.

3. Titik Mengambang & Void

Tipe titik mengambang (float, double, long double) merepresentasikan bilangan real melalui pola bit mesin. Tipe void menandakan hasil "kosong"; tidak memiliki nilai dan tidak dapat digunakan untuk mendeklarasikan variabel standar.

TERMINALbash — 80x24

> Ready. Click "Run" to execute.

QUESTION 1

What is the primary difference between signed and unsigned integral types?

Signed types can represent negative values, while unsigned types are always ≥ 0.

Unsigned types use fewer bits to store numbers.

Signed types are only for floating-point numbers.

There is no difference in modern hardware.

QUESTION 2

Which of these is considered a 'Unicode character type' in C++?

short

char32_t

long long

void

QUESTION 3

What happens if you assign -1 to an unsigned 8-bit char?

The program crashes.

The value becomes 255 due to modulo arithmetic.

The value is clamped to 0.

The value remains -1.

QUESTION 4

What is the role of the 'void' type?

To store small integers.

To represent the absence of a value or a generic pointer.

To define constants that cannot change.

To handle boolean logic.

QUESTION 5

Which C++ standard guarantees apply to floating-point precision?

double must have at least as much precision as float.

float is always 32 bits and double is always 128 bits.

All floating-point types have exactly 10 significant digits.

Floating point types cannot represent zero.